Urartian King Rusa II, between 685-645 BC, created the Lake Turna by blocking a small stream with two dams to use for agricultural irrigation and to meet the water needs of the region.

 

The lake is considered a 2,800-year-old engineering marvel and is also known as the most important irrigation project of the Urartian period. This structure, built for agricultural irrigation, gradually took on the appearance of a natural lake and became an important part of the region.

 

Located in the Payizava (Gürpınar) district at the foot of Mount Erek at an altitude of 2,550 meters, Lake Turna stands out not only as one of the most important water structures for the local people but also in the history of humanity, with its thousands of years of history.

 

Lake Turna, which has existed for centuries, holds great importance both as a water source and as a habitat it has created around itself. It is considered one of the important wetlands in the region, especially in terms of bird species and vegetation.

 

However, droughts that have intensified in recent years and changes in rainfall have negatively affected Lake Turna. The lake area has gradually shrunk and is facing the risk of disappearance.

 

WATER LOSS HAS BECOME VISIBLE

 

While significant drops in the lake's water level have been observed, some areas have completely dried up, taking on the appearance of soil. The shallow structure of the lake and its limited water resources are among the main factors accelerating this process. With evaporation expected to increase as a result of rising temperatures, water loss will become even more visible.

 

NATURAL RAINS ARE NOT ENOUGH

 

Thanks to periodically increased snowfall, the lake has started to hold water again. During these periods, greenery around the lake increased, while it was observed that wildlife partially returned.

 

In recent years, with the decrease in rainfall, the water level in the lake has started to drop again, and the water surface is gradually shrinking. The shrinking of the lake is considered a direct result of the climate crisis and change, and it is stated that natural rainfall will not be sufficient for a permanent improvement in the lake and that more comprehensive measures should be taken to protect water resources.

 

HISTORICAL HERITAGE IS AT RISK

 

Lake Turna, which has existed for thousands of years, is now at risk both as a natural and cultural heritage. If the lake dries up completely, not only will a water source be lost, but also a historical engineering work. It is warned that the drying of the lake will also pose a great danger to other small lakes in the Lake Van Basin.

 

MA / Zeynep Durgut